Anti Neutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) - IFA
- S6010
Rs 1650
- Why Get Tested?
To help detect, aid in the diagnosis of, and sometimes monitor certain forms of the autoimmune disorder systemic vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) To help distinguish between Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two most common types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); as an adjunct to other IBD testing - When To Get Tested?
When you have symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, and weight loss that your health practitioner thinks may be due to a vascular autoimmune disorder; sometimes to monitor response to therapy When you have symptoms such as persistent or intermittent diarrhea and abdominal pain that your health practitioner suspects may be due to an IBD; when your health practitioner wants to distinguish between CD and UC - Sample Type:SERUM (SST or Plain)
- Fasting :NO
- Report Delivery:within 48 Hrs of Test Schdule
- Components:1 Observations
Tests Detail
| Observations Included |
| Anti Neutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) - IFA |
| The Test marked with (*) are in our NABL Scope. |
Sample Report
- Also Known As:
ANCA Antibodies cANCA pANCA Serine Protease 3 MPO PR3 Anticytoplasmic Autoantibodies 3-ANCA PR3-ANC - Formal Name:
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies - Sample Instructions:
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm - Test Preparation Needed?
None - What Is Being Tested?
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are autoantibodies produced by a person's immune system that mistakenly target and attack proteins within the person's neutrophils (a type of white blood cell). ANCA testing detects and measures the amount of these autoantibodies in the blood. Two of the most common types or subsets of ANCA are the autoantibodies that target the proteins myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3). - How Is It Used?
Tests for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) may be used to: Help detect and diagnose certain forms of autoimmune vasculitis, including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis), microscopic polyangiitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss syndrome). Sometimes this test may also be used to monitor treatment and/or detect a relapse of these conditions. (For more detailed information on these conditions, see the article on Vasculitis.) Help distinguish between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD), two common types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). ANCA are autoantibodies produced by a person's immune system that mistakenly attack proteins within the person's neutrophils (white blood cell types). The most common subsets of ANCA are those that target the proteins myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3). Two types of tests may be used: Most often, ANCA tests are performed using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy (IFA). Serum samples are mixed with neutrophils to allow autoantibodies that may be present to react with the cells. The sample is put on a slide and treated with a fluorescent stain. The slide is then examined under a microscope and the resulting pattern noted. The cytoplasmic pattern (cANCA) is associated with PR3 antibodies and the perinuclear pattern (pANCA) is associated with MPO antibodies. Another possible pattern is atypical ANCA. Myeloperoxidase antibodies and proteinase 3 (PR3) antibodies may be individually and specifically tested using an immunoassay method. Some laboratories will perform all three tests, ANCA, MPO and PR3, as a panel while others will perform MPO and PR3 only if an initial ANCA test is positive. Additional tests that may be performed to aid in diagnosis include erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) to check for inflammation, complete blood count (CBC) to measure and evaluate white and red blood cells, and - When Is It Ordered
Vasculitis An ANCA test and/or tests for MPO and PR3 are ordered when a person has signs and symptoms that suggest systemic autoimmune vasculitis. Early in the disease, symptoms may be vague or nonspecific, such as fever, fatigue, weight loss, muscle and/or joint aches, and night sweats. As the disease progresses, damage to blood vessels throughout the body may cause signs and symptoms associated with complications involving various tissues and organs. A few examples include: Eyes — red, itchy eyes or "pink eye" (conjunctivitis); problems with sight (blurry vision, loss of vision) Ears — hearing loss Nose — runny nose or other upper respiratory symptoms that do not go away Skin — rashes and/or granulomas Lungs — cough and/or difficulty breathing Kidneys —protein in the urine (proteinuria) Testing may also be performed periodically to monitor a person who has been diagnosed with an autoimmune vasculitis. Inflammatory Bowel Disease An ANCA test may be ordered with a test for anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) when a person has signs and symptoms that suggest inflammatory bowel disease and the health practitioner is attempting to distinguish between Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Symptoms of an IBD may include: Abdominal pain and cramps Diarrhea Rectal bleeding Fever Fatigue In some people, joint, skin, bone, and organ-related symptoms Children may also have delayed development and growth retardation. - What Does The Test Result Mean?
Results of ANCA tests must be interpreted carefully, taking several factors into account. A health practitioner will consider clinical signs and symptoms in addition to results of the laboratory tests and other types of tests, such as imaging studies. Vasculitis Positive ANCA, PR3, and/or MPO tests help to support a diagnosis of systemic autoimmune vasculitis and to distinguish between different types. However, to confirm a diagnosis, a biopsy of an affected site is often required. Negative ANCA tests results mean it is unlikely that a person's symptoms are due to an autoimmune vasculitis. For a positive result on the indirect immunofluorescence microscopy method, several different ANCA patterns may be seen: Perinuclear (pANCA) – most of the fluorescence occurs near the nucleus. About 90% of samples with a pANCA pattern will have MPO antibodies. Cytoplasmic (cANCA) – the fluorescence occurs throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. About 85% of samples with a cANCA pattern will have PR3 antibodies. Negative ANCA — very little or no fluorescence If an ANCA test result is positive, then an additional test is performed to determine the amount of antibody present. This is called a titer. To determine the titer, a serum sample is diluted in steps and each dilution is tested for the presence of the antibody. The greatest dilution at which the antibody can be detected is the titer. For example, if a serum tests positive after being diluted 64-fold, the titer is 1:64. The higher the titer, the more antibody is present in the blood. ANCA levels can change over time and may sometimes be used in a general way to monitor disease activity and/or response to therapy; however, titer levels may be inconsistent in some patients, poorly reflecting remission/relapse status. In addition, tests that are specific for antibodies to MPO and PR3 may be performed: A positive test for PR3 antibodies and a positive cANCA or pANCA are seen in more than 80% of patients with - Is There Anything Else I Should Known?
In most cases, a biopsy of an affected blood vessel is necessary to confirm a diagnosis of autoimmune vasculitis. Since the symptoms associated with vasculitis and inflammatory bowel disease may be seen with a number of conditions, other tests are frequently performed prior to or along with ANCA testing to rule out other causes for the symptoms.
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